Monday, December 26, 2011

Computers Have Evolved Since 1968 and Before

!±8± Computers Have Evolved Since 1968 and Before

Though I'm in a remote part of Iraq now, I've been around computers since 1968. It doesn't seem that long ago to me. At that time, I was right out of tech school and then hired by Honeywell, Inc. to work as an engineering assistant. I was employed primarily at their Brighton, MA plant. Honeywell was constructing large mainframe computers in Framingham and Newton and some other sites too. The new systems such as the 4200 and 8200 series, which were destined to be the next big thing, were being built for the business market. Home computers were not even thought about at that time. The average person could never afford the high price tag in those days anyway.

The computers then were actually 3rd generation computers that filled a large room along with all its peripheral equipment. Peripherals consisted of all the accessories needed such as the many floor tape decks, card readers, myler and paper tape punchers etc. As technicians, we were using some older 2nd generation computers to help with debugging and testing of the memory drawers on the new larger systems. We also used large oscilloscopes and multi-meters in testing our systems being constructed at the manufacturing plant. The high tech printers, at that time, used Kleinsmith printers. These were one line at a time, typewriter style printers. They were very slow, as you can imagine.

Programs run on these older computing systems took time to process the information that we had inputted. Some input was via card reader, other input by binary coding entered on a control panel. Some times, the computing time took hours to run and then the output was no good and we'd have to start all over. Testing with an oscilloscope was to observe frequency waves and determine if they were correct for the device and the amount of energy produced or applied. Voltages and resistance measurements were determined by use of multimeters and other instruments. Still other testing was by operating under excess heat and cooling temperatures. These were called environmental Chambers and it could get pretty cold in there. The computers needed to function the same way under different conditions.

The computer programmers in those days had to put all the data on those cards and it was time consuming. Programs could take weeks to produce using this process. Every company had to have several programmers, key punch operators, decollators' operators and a host of other staff to complete basic operations. It required a whole computer dept. After two years at Honeywell, I was drafted into the army during the Vietnam era. My overseas duty was spent in Okinawa so I was one of the lucky ones. Upon my return to Honeywell, I went back to working on computers. Two more years there and then I worked nine years in downtown Boston for an insurance company. I had worked as a computer operator on IBM systems and was later promoted to operations manager upon my graduation from college. Later I was an operations manager in CT on IBM and HP mainframes. We used several workstations at locations that could communicate with the computer there via phone lines.

It wasn't until the early eighties that personal computers started to appear on the market. First, they appeared in businesses and then to a number of homes. My first home computer was a Gateway 486 with a very slow processor - 33mhz. To get online, I used dial up service using a slow modem and signed up with AOL or CompuServe for service. Email was big as was computer game playing in the early days. The graphics on line were almost non- existent with most every site at that time only text base. Computers broke down regularly and it was important to understand DOS. Other computer systems around then were the IBM PC, the Packard Bell and a few old Commodores. Do you remember the Wang computer? We truly have evolved now with our fast computers thanks to DSL and cable services and good graphics.


Computers Have Evolved Since 1968 and Before

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Sunday, November 6, 2011

Aromatic Gift Ideas - Simple Ideas For Homemade Potpourri Gifts

!±8± Aromatic Gift Ideas - Simple Ideas For Homemade Potpourri Gifts

Fragranced gifts are always popular and, with the wide availability of essential oils (natural oils obtained from plants), easy to make. Here are a few ideas for creative and individualized gifts that I have sourced from the Internet and other sources.

Pot of homemade potpourri

A pot of homemade potpourri makes an individual aromatic gift. Some of the recipes for homemade potpourri can be quite complex - the simplest I have come across is that by Jane Lake, and is given below, with a few amendments from me:

You will need a large clean storage jar with a close fitting lid, scissors/secateurs to cut an assortment of coloured and fragrant flowers or leaves as they appear in your garden, and a sunny window sill.

Suitable flowers include daffodils, lily of the valley, lavender, violets, bleeding hearts, roses, geranium, honey suckle, sweet william, pansies, viola, veronica, phlox and clover. Simply cut a few blossoms off each flower when they arrive in the garden and add to the jar. The leaves of herbs, such as bay, rosemary, lemon balm and citronella can also be added - harvest these just before the plants come into full bloom as this is when they are most pungent and contain the greatest amount of natural essential oils.

To add a tang, you can also add the cut up dried peel of oranges, lemons and limes. If you have some eucalyptus that is past its prime, wash off the dust, pull off leaves, and add these leaves to your potpourri flower jar as well.

The drying process is simple... you just let the blossoms dry out in the jar with the aid of the sun shining through your window. Before you add more blossoms, stir the lower layers of potpourri with a kitchen fork or spoon, and add the new blossoms on top. Don't pack the blossoms and leaves down too tightly - you want plenty of air space to encourage quick and complete drying. You can mix and match your flowers - you might like to have one jar predominantly of roses, or another packed with mostly lavender. You could also do one just with bay leaves - for cooking purposes.

The fun is in experimenting.

When the natural fragrances of the flowers and leaves begin to fade, the potpourri can be refreshed easily by simply adding a few drops of essential oils. You could also supply a small bottle of an essential oil as part of your gift.

If you are unable to make your own potpourri, why not buy an unfragranced variety, put it in an attractive jar and add a few drops of essential oil? such as Lavender oil.

Alternatively, you could make potpourri sachets (see below)

Potpourri sachets

Fragranced potpourri, whether homemade or shop bought, can also be made into gift sachets. One way of doing this, avoiding any sewing, is to tie it up in cotton handkerchiefs.

Wash and iron the handkerchiefs. Pour about 1/2 cup of potpourri into the centre of the handkerchief. Gather up the ends and either wrap a rubber band around the part near the ball of sachet or tie it up with strong cotton. The sachet should be tightly enclosed. Tie a matching ribbon around the band, making a bow with long ends. If you make the ribbon long enough, then it could be used to hang the sachet in a cupboard or wardrobe.

As an alternative to a handkerchief, you could use a square of muslin or any thin material, though you may need to hem the edges or trim them with ribbon or lace.

You could include a small bottle of essential oil with the sachet, for refreshing the potpourri once the fragrance begins to fade.

If you are unable to make your own potpourri, why not buy an unfragranced variety and simply add a few drops of essential oil?

Lavender bags

Always popular as drawer fragrancers, lavender bags can be made in the same way as the sachets described above.

Cut the stems of lavender just before the flowers start to open and hang them upside down for a few days for them to dry before rubbing them down to remove the flowers. Once made, the bags should remain effective for 1-2 years.

The ideas listed here are not only fun to do, but also make ideal and, above all, individual gifts. So, give your friends an aromatic Christmas this year!

Sources

http://www.allfreecrafts.com/nature/potpourri.shtml

Bonar A. Herbs. A complete guide to their cultivation and use. Club Book associates, 1985


Aromatic Gift Ideas - Simple Ideas For Homemade Potpourri Gifts

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Thursday, October 27, 2011

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Sunday, October 23, 2011

New Honeywell Dolphin Battery Ion Series Affordable Attractive Durable Compact Practical

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Thursday, October 20, 2011

First Alert 2077DF Anti-Theft Safe with Digital Lock, 1.2 Cubic Foot, Gray

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